532-Electrical Power - Part III: Transformers
By: John A Camara, BS, MS, PE, TF
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Course Description
COURSE OBJECTIVE
Although this is a five part course, each individual part is meant to be stand-alone should one be interested in that topic. The overall purpose of the course is to provide an overview of electric power from generation, through the various distribution systems, including the vital transformer links that change the voltage from the high voltage required for minimum losses during transmission to medium- and low-voltage for the end-users. Additionally, the transmission lines connecting the system are covered. And, finally, the rule from the National Electric Safety Code® (NESC®) that govern it all completes the overview.
The NESC will cover the rules, principles, basic and theoretical background where applicable, with an emphasis on rules application used to determine the distribution requirements for various tasks. Although many can benefit, three specific groups are targeted with the following goals.
• Provide a practicing Professional Engineer (PE) with a refresher on power distribution design and rules (requirements) or for the engineer assigned to a distribution schema with the minimum knowledge to properly design a system.
• Provide a practicing Engineer with the requisite knowledge to adequately review and analyze designs for compliance with goals and requirements.
• Provide a licensed Electrician (lineman) with an understanding of a distribution system to be able to assess impacts on the same for installation or design changes.
Electric Power basics are covered along with the theoretical background, where applicable, that should enable the engineer to understand the potential impacts of a given design or changes to the same. More importantly, completion this course will provide the requisite knowledge to perform various task in distribution design, including ensuring that transformers and transmission lines are properly sized, built and tested; and the appropriate requirements of the NESC are met.
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Although this is a five part course, each individual part is meant to be stand-alone should one be interested in that topic. The overall purpose of the course is to provide an overview of electric power from generation, through the various distribution systems, including the vital transformer links that change the voltage from the high voltage required for minimum losses during transmission to medium- and low-voltage for the end-users. Additionally, the transmission lines connecting the system are covered. And, finally, the rule from the National Electric Safety Code® (NESC®) that govern it all completes the overview.
Part I, Generation, the more common type of plants producing the power. The basics of alternating current and direct current generators is explained include the principles of parallel operation. Finally, energy management and power quality are covered.
Part II, Distribution Systems, covers the classification of such systems, how the common neutral is utilized, overhead and underground distribution, along with fault analysis methods.
Part III, Transformers, informs on power transformers, their ratings, voltage regulation, testing methods and parameters used to analyze both transformers and transmission lines.
Part IV, Transmission Lines, discusses the electrical parameters of such line: resistance, inductance, and capacitance. Important effects such as the skin effect and reflection are explained. This part completes with an explanation of models for each type of transmission line: short, medium, and long.
Part V, The National Electrical Safety Code, covers organization of the code and some of the multitude of requirements for the transmission of electrical power.
NOTE
Access to the National Electrical Safety Code Handbook will be helpful for greater study (but is not required for completion of the course).
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